Selling a Business in Lincoln County
Lincoln County has 1,613 employer businesses, and 91% of them have fewer than 20 employees. This page shows the local mix of industries and how a sale is handled here. The largest industries here are accommodation and food service and retail.
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LOCAL SNAPSHOT
Lincoln County by the numbers
1,613
1,613
EMPLOYER BUSINESSES
91%
91%
SMALL EMPLOYER SHARE
3,927
3,927
BUSINESSES WITH NO EMPLOYEES
14,839
14,839
EMPLOYMENT
$660 million
$660 million
ANNUAL PAYROLL
662
662
BUSINESSES WITH 5 TO 49 EMPLOYEES
U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns 2023 and Nonemployer Statistics 2024. Counts are employer establishments, meaning business locations with paid employees.
How Lincoln County compares
Lincoln County ranks 15th of 36 Oregon counties and county equivalents for employer businesses.
The number of employer businesses grew 4.0% between 2018 and 2023.
Agriculture, forestry and fishing makes up 5% of employer businesses in Lincoln County, compared with 1% in Oregon.
662 employer businesses here have 5 to 49 employees.
Lincoln County ranks 15th of 36 Oregon counties and county equivalents for employer businesses.
The number of employer businesses grew 4.0% between 2018 and 2023.
Agriculture, forestry and fishing makes up 5% of employer businesses in Lincoln County, compared with 1% in Oregon.
662 employer businesses here have 5 to 49 employees.
Industry mix
The largest industries by number of employer businesses:
Accommodation and food service: 301 employer businesses
Retail: 282 employer businesses
Construction: 193 employer businesses
Repair, personal care and other services: 124 employer businesses
Health care and social assistance: 119 employer businesses
The largest industries by number of employer businesses:
Accommodation and food service: 301 employer businesses
Retail: 282 employer businesses
Construction: 193 employer businesses
Repair, personal care and other services: 124 employer businesses
Health care and social assistance: 119 employer businesses
INDUSTRIES
What sells in Lincoln County
Accommodation and food service, retail, construction, repair, personal care and other services
Every kind of business we sell in Lincoln County
These are the industries in Lincoln County and the number of employer businesses in each. Counts are employer businesses in the closest Census industry codes. Industries without a clean Census match are listed without a count, and a few industries share one Census category, so their counts match. A sale multiple is the price a business typically sells for as a multiple of its earnings. SDE means seller's discretionary earnings, which is the owner's pay plus the profit of the business. EBITDA means earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.
Restaurants & Food
213 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Full-Service Restaurants: 114 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.5x SDE.
Quick-Service & Fast Food: 42 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE.
Coffee Shops: 31 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE.
Grocery Stores & Markets: 16 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE + Inventory.
Liquor, Wine & Beer Stores: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE + Inventory.
Bakeries: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE.
Construction & Engineering
199 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
General Contracting: 108 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x SDE.
Interior Finishing: 21 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x SDE.
Landscaping: 21 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 5.0x SDE.
Foundation & Site Prep: 17 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x EBITDA + Fleet.
Electrical: 16 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 8.0x EBITDA.
Plumbing: 13 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.0x SDE.
HVAC Services: 13 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.6x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Roofing & Siding: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 5.0x SDE.
Retail Stores
133 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Fashion, Apparel & Jewelry: 39 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.5x SDE + Inventory.
Hobby, Toys & Gift Shops: 31 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.8x - 2.8x SDE + Inventory.
Hardware, Garden & Building: 25 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.8x SDE + Inventory.
Health, Beauty & Pharmacy: 17 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.8x - 4.2x EBITDA.
Home Decor & Furniture: 12 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.2x - 3.2x SDE + Inventory.
Sporting Goods & Firearms: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.3x - 3.4x SDE.
Hospitality & Travel
92 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Hotels: 76 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.6x - 5.1x EBITDA.
Motels: 76 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.1x - 2.5x SDE.
Campgrounds & RV Parks: 11 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Transportation Services: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 4.1x SDE.
Financial & Professional Services
79 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Real Estate Brokerages: 28 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.5x SDE.
Accounting & Tax Practices: 26 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.5x SDE.
Insurance Agencies: 12 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 6.0x - 8.0x EBITDA.
Wealth Management: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.7x - 4.0x Recurring Revenue.
Private Lending: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 5.0x SDE.
Medical Practices
56 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Dental Practices: 17 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.5x EBITDA.
Primary & Family Care: 13 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.2x - 3.2x SDE.
Mental & Behavioral Health: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x SDE.
Vision & Eye Care: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE.
Physical Therapy & Rehab: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.0x EBITDA.
Veterinary Medicine: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 6.0x - 9.0x EBITDA.
Home Health & Hospice: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Manufacturing
38 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Food & Beverage Manufacturing: 19 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.1x - 4.5x SDE.
Construction Materials Manufacturing: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 5.0x EBITDA.
Wood & Furniture Manufacturing: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.8x SDE.
Printing & Plastics: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.9x - 4.9x SDE.
Metal Fabrication: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.2x - 4.2x SDE.
Home Services
35 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Property Management: 26 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x SDE.
Residential Cleaning: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.6x SDE.
Commercial Cleaning: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.47x - 4.11x EBITDA.
Automotive & Boat
31 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Auto Repair: 13 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.2x SDE.
Auto Parts: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.2x SDE + Inventory.
Car Dealerships: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2x - 8x Blue Sky + Assets.
Car Washes: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.5x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Towing & Repo: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.0x EBITDA + Fleet.
Gas Stations & Convenience
28 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Gas Stations: 16 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x EBITDA + Real Estate.
Convenience Stores: 12 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE + Inventory.
Logistics & Transportation
22 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
General Freight Trucking: 19 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.44x - 3.45x SDE.
Last-Mile & Courier: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.76x - 3.32x SDE.
Entertainment & Recreation
19 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Bars & Pubs: 12 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 4.0x SDE.
Clubs & Lounges: 12 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 6.0x EBITDA.
Outdoor Recreation: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 4.0x SDE.
Golf Courses: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 8.0x - 11.0x EBITDA.
Senior Care & Living
16 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Assisted Living Facilities: 11 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA + Real Estate.
Non-Medical Home Care: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 5.0x SDE.
Technology & Media
14 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Creative Agencies: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.8x - 3.0x SDE.
Media, Film & Studio Production: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.2x - 3.5x SDE.
Real Estate Media: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.8x SDE.
Education & Childcare
12 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Daycare Centers: 12 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.39x - 3.35x SDE.
Pet Services
11 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Pet Grooming & Spas: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE.
Boarding, Daycare & Training: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x EBITDA.
Pet Retail & Specialty Supplies: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.5x SDE + Inventory.
Pharmacies & Medical Supply
11 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Compounding Pharmacies: 8 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.5x EBITDA.
Specialty Pharmacies: 8 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 6.5x EBITDA.
Home Infusion: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 6.5x EBITDA.
Wholesale & Distribution
11 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Food & Beverage Distribution: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE.
Industrial & Construction Supply: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.0x SDE.
Beauty & Personal Care
9 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Hair Salons: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.25x - 2.34x SDE.
Day Spas: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.8x - 2.8x SDE.
Tattoo Shops: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.5x SDE.
Massage Parlors: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.5x SDE.
Energy & Utilities
6 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Waste Management & Recycling: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA + Assets.
Health & Fitness
5 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Wellness & Recovery Centers: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 5.5x - 9.7x EBITDA.
These are the industries in Lincoln County and the number of employer businesses in each. Counts are employer businesses in the closest Census industry codes. Industries without a clean Census match are listed without a count, and a few industries share one Census category, so their counts match. A sale multiple is the price a business typically sells for as a multiple of its earnings. SDE means seller's discretionary earnings, which is the owner's pay plus the profit of the business. EBITDA means earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.
Restaurants & Food
213 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Full-Service Restaurants: 114 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.5x SDE.
Quick-Service & Fast Food: 42 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE.
Coffee Shops: 31 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE.
Grocery Stores & Markets: 16 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE + Inventory.
Liquor, Wine & Beer Stores: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE + Inventory.
Bakeries: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE.
Construction & Engineering
199 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
General Contracting: 108 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x SDE.
Interior Finishing: 21 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x SDE.
Landscaping: 21 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 5.0x SDE.
Foundation & Site Prep: 17 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x EBITDA + Fleet.
Electrical: 16 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 8.0x EBITDA.
Plumbing: 13 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.0x SDE.
HVAC Services: 13 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.6x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Roofing & Siding: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 5.0x SDE.
Retail Stores
133 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Fashion, Apparel & Jewelry: 39 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.5x SDE + Inventory.
Hobby, Toys & Gift Shops: 31 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.8x - 2.8x SDE + Inventory.
Hardware, Garden & Building: 25 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.8x SDE + Inventory.
Health, Beauty & Pharmacy: 17 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.8x - 4.2x EBITDA.
Home Decor & Furniture: 12 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.2x - 3.2x SDE + Inventory.
Sporting Goods & Firearms: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.3x - 3.4x SDE.
Hospitality & Travel
92 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Hotels: 76 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.6x - 5.1x EBITDA.
Motels: 76 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.1x - 2.5x SDE.
Campgrounds & RV Parks: 11 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Transportation Services: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 4.1x SDE.
Financial & Professional Services
79 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Real Estate Brokerages: 28 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.5x SDE.
Accounting & Tax Practices: 26 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.5x SDE.
Insurance Agencies: 12 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 6.0x - 8.0x EBITDA.
Wealth Management: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.7x - 4.0x Recurring Revenue.
Private Lending: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 5.0x SDE.
Medical Practices
56 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Dental Practices: 17 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.5x EBITDA.
Primary & Family Care: 13 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.2x - 3.2x SDE.
Mental & Behavioral Health: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x SDE.
Vision & Eye Care: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE.
Physical Therapy & Rehab: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.0x EBITDA.
Veterinary Medicine: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 6.0x - 9.0x EBITDA.
Home Health & Hospice: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Manufacturing
38 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Food & Beverage Manufacturing: 19 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.1x - 4.5x SDE.
Construction Materials Manufacturing: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 5.0x EBITDA.
Wood & Furniture Manufacturing: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.8x SDE.
Printing & Plastics: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.9x - 4.9x SDE.
Metal Fabrication: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.2x - 4.2x SDE.
Home Services
35 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Property Management: 26 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x SDE.
Residential Cleaning: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.6x SDE.
Commercial Cleaning: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.47x - 4.11x EBITDA.
Automotive & Boat
31 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Auto Repair: 13 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.2x SDE.
Auto Parts: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.2x SDE + Inventory.
Car Dealerships: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2x - 8x Blue Sky + Assets.
Car Washes: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.5x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Towing & Repo: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.0x EBITDA + Fleet.
Gas Stations & Convenience
28 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Gas Stations: 16 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x EBITDA + Real Estate.
Convenience Stores: 12 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE + Inventory.
Logistics & Transportation
22 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
General Freight Trucking: 19 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.44x - 3.45x SDE.
Last-Mile & Courier: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.76x - 3.32x SDE.
Entertainment & Recreation
19 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Bars & Pubs: 12 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 4.0x SDE.
Clubs & Lounges: 12 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 6.0x EBITDA.
Outdoor Recreation: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 4.0x SDE.
Golf Courses: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 8.0x - 11.0x EBITDA.
Senior Care & Living
16 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Assisted Living Facilities: 11 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA + Real Estate.
Non-Medical Home Care: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 5.0x SDE.
Technology & Media
14 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Creative Agencies: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.8x - 3.0x SDE.
Media, Film & Studio Production: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.2x - 3.5x SDE.
Real Estate Media: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.8x SDE.
Education & Childcare
12 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Daycare Centers: 12 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.39x - 3.35x SDE.
Pet Services
11 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Pet Grooming & Spas: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE.
Boarding, Daycare & Training: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x EBITDA.
Pet Retail & Specialty Supplies: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.5x SDE + Inventory.
Pharmacies & Medical Supply
11 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Compounding Pharmacies: 8 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.5x EBITDA.
Specialty Pharmacies: 8 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 6.5x EBITDA.
Home Infusion: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 6.5x EBITDA.
Wholesale & Distribution
11 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Food & Beverage Distribution: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE.
Industrial & Construction Supply: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.0x SDE.
Beauty & Personal Care
9 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Hair Salons: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.25x - 2.34x SDE.
Day Spas: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.8x - 2.8x SDE.
Tattoo Shops: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.5x SDE.
Massage Parlors: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.5x SDE.
Energy & Utilities
6 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Waste Management & Recycling: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA + Assets.
Health & Fitness
5 related employer businesses in Lincoln County.
Wellness & Recovery Centers: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 5.5x - 9.7x EBITDA.
Working with owners in Lincoln County
Business Advisors of America works with owners who are selling a business in Lincoln County. Contact us to talk about a sale.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Questions owners in Lincoln County ask
How long does it take to sell a business in Lincoln County?
The time depends on the price, the quality of the records and the number of qualified buyers.
How is a business valued in Lincoln County?
Valuation starts with the earnings the business produces for an owner, then adjusts for assets, size, industry and the terms a buyer is likely to accept. The result is a range, and the asking price is set inside it.
Is the sale confidential?
Buyers are asked to sign a non-disclosure agreement before they see the name of the business or its financial statements.
FROM OUR BLOG
Guides for owners in Lincoln County
October 3, 2025
Business Owners
Add-Backs: What Counts, What Does Not, and What Buyers Push Back On
Every add-back you can prove raises your sale price by two to three times its amount. Every add-back you cannot prove costs you credibility on all the others.
Read article
October 3, 2025
Business Owners
Add-Backs: What Counts, What Does Not, and What Buyers Push Back On
Every add-back you can prove raises your sale price by two to three times its amount. Every add-back you cannot prove costs you credibility on all the others.
Read article
March 5, 2026
Business Owners
Buyer Qualification: How We Screen Out the Buyers Who Cannot Close
Most inquiries on a business listing come from people who cannot close. Here is how they get screened out before they see your name or your financials.
Read article
March 5, 2026
Business Owners
Buyer Qualification: How We Screen Out the Buyers Who Cannot Close
Most inquiries on a business listing come from people who cannot close. Here is how they get screened out before they see your name or your financials.
Read article
February 9, 2026
Business Owners
The Confidential Information Memorandum: What Goes In It and Why
The CIM is the document a buyer reads before they decide to spend time on your business. Here is what it has to contain and the mistakes that cost sellers offers.
Read article
February 9, 2026
Business Owners
The Confidential Information Memorandum: What Goes In It and Why
The CIM is the document a buyer reads before they decide to spend time on your business. Here is what it has to contain and the mistakes that cost sellers offers.
Read article