Selling a Business in Greene County
Greene County has 1,257 employer businesses, and 84% of them have fewer than 20 employees. This page shows the local mix of industries and how a sale is handled here.
Areas in Tennessee
Bedford County
Benton County
Carroll County
Chattanooga
Claiborne County
Clarksville
Cleveland
Cocke County
Coffee County
Cumberland County
Davidson County
Decatur County
DeKalb County
Dyer County
Fentress County
Franklin County
Giles County
Greene County
Grundy County
Hardeman County
Hardin County
Haywood County
Henderson County
Henry County
Humphreys County
Jackson
Johnson City
Johnson County
Kingsport
Knoxville
Lauderdale County
Lawrence County
Lewis County
Lincoln County
Marshall County
McMinn County
McNairy County
Memphis
Monroe County
Morristown
Nashville
Obion County
Overton County
Putnam County
Rhea County
Scott County
Sevier County
Shelby County
Warren County
Wayne County
Weakley County
White County
LOCAL SNAPSHOT
Greene County by the numbers
1,257
1,257
EMPLOYER BUSINESSES
84%
84%
SMALL EMPLOYER SHARE
5,044
5,044
BUSINESSES WITH NO EMPLOYEES
23,957
23,957
EMPLOYMENT
$1.1 billion
$1.1 billion
ANNUAL PAYROLL
596
596
BUSINESSES WITH 5 TO 49 EMPLOYEES
U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns 2023 and Nonemployer Statistics 2024. Counts are employer establishments, meaning business locations with paid employees.
How Greene County compares
Greene County ranks 22nd of 95 Tennessee counties and county equivalents for employer businesses.
The number of employer businesses grew 11.6% between 2018 and 2023.
Manufacturing makes up 6% of employer businesses in Greene County, compared with 4% in Tennessee.
596 employer businesses here have 5 to 49 employees.
Greene County ranks 22nd of 95 Tennessee counties and county equivalents for employer businesses.
The number of employer businesses grew 11.6% between 2018 and 2023.
Manufacturing makes up 6% of employer businesses in Greene County, compared with 4% in Tennessee.
596 employer businesses here have 5 to 49 employees.
Industry mix
The largest industries by number of employer businesses:
Retail: 242 employer businesses
Health care and social assistance: 152 employer businesses
Accommodation and food service: 138 employer businesses
Repair, personal care and other services: 132 employer businesses
Construction: 115 employer businesses
The largest industries by number of employer businesses:
Retail: 242 employer businesses
Health care and social assistance: 152 employer businesses
Accommodation and food service: 138 employer businesses
Repair, personal care and other services: 132 employer businesses
Construction: 115 employer businesses
INDUSTRIES
What sells in Greene County
Retail, health care and social assistance, accommodation and food service, repair, personal care and other services
Every kind of business we sell in Greene County
We sell businesses in every one of these industries in Greene County. Counts are employer businesses in the closest Census industry codes. Industries without a clean Census match are listed without a count, and a few industries share one Census category, so their counts match. A sale multiple is the price a business typically sells for as a multiple of its earnings. SDE means seller's discretionary earnings, which is the owner's pay plus the profit of the business. EBITDA means earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.
Restaurants & Food
132 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Quick-Service & Fast Food: 58 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE.
Full-Service Restaurants: 44 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.5x SDE.
Grocery Stores & Markets: 15 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE + Inventory.
Coffee Shops: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE.
Liquor, Wine & Beer Stores: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE + Inventory.
Construction & Engineering
116 related employer businesses in Greene County.
General Contracting: 27 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x SDE.
Foundation & Site Prep: 21 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x EBITDA + Fleet.
Interior Finishing: 16 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x SDE.
Landscaping: 15 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 5.0x SDE.
Plumbing: 15 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.0x SDE.
HVAC Services: 15 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.6x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Civil Engineering: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 7.0x - 11.0x EBITDA.
Carpentry & Framing: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x SDE.
Electrical: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 8.0x EBITDA.
Masonry: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x EBITDA + Equipment.
Medical Practices
84 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Primary & Family Care: 33 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.2x - 3.2x SDE.
Dental Practices: 11 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.5x EBITDA.
Veterinary Medicine: 10 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 6.0x - 9.0x EBITDA.
Home Health & Hospice: 8 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Mental & Behavioral Health: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x SDE.
Physical Therapy & Rehab: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.0x EBITDA.
Vision & Eye Care: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE.
Medical Labs & Imaging: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.5x - 6.5x EBITDA.
Retail Stores
66 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Health, Beauty & Pharmacy: 22 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.8x - 4.2x EBITDA.
Hardware, Garden & Building: 19 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.8x SDE + Inventory.
Fashion, Apparel & Jewelry: 16 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.5x SDE + Inventory.
Home Decor & Furniture: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.2x - 3.2x SDE + Inventory.
Electronics & Repair: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE.
Financial & Professional Services
61 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Insurance Agencies: 20 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 6.0x - 8.0x EBITDA.
Accounting & Tax Practices: 17 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.5x SDE.
Real Estate Brokerages: 11 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.5x SDE.
Private Lending: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 5.0x SDE.
Wealth Management: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.7x - 4.0x Recurring Revenue.
Gas Stations & Convenience
52 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Gas Stations: 52 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x EBITDA + Real Estate.
Automotive & Boat
48 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Auto Repair: 14 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.2x SDE.
Auto Parts: 10 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.2x SDE + Inventory.
Car Dealerships: 8 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2x - 8x Blue Sky + Assets.
Car Washes: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.5x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Collision Repair: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.0x EBITDA.
Towing & Repo: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.0x EBITDA + Fleet.
Manufacturing
48 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Metal Fabrication: 17 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.2x - 4.2x SDE.
Printing & Plastics: 10 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.9x - 4.9x SDE.
Wood & Furniture Manufacturing: 8 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.8x SDE.
Food & Beverage Manufacturing: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.1x - 4.5x SDE.
Construction Materials Manufacturing: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 5.0x EBITDA.
Electronics & Tech Manufacturing: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.5x EBITDA.
Logistics & Transportation
37 related employer businesses in Greene County.
General Freight Trucking: 29 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.44x - 3.45x SDE.
Warehousing & Fulfillment: 8 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x SDE.
Pharmacies & Medical Supply
26 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Compounding Pharmacies: 15 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.5x EBITDA.
Specialty Pharmacies: 15 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 6.5x EBITDA.
Home Infusion: 8 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 6.5x EBITDA.
Medical Supply Retail: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x SDE + Inventory.
Home Services
19 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Property Management: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x SDE.
Pest Control: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.34x - 2.90x SDE.
Residential Cleaning: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.6x SDE.
Commercial Cleaning: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.47x - 4.11x EBITDA.
Wholesale & Distribution
13 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Industrial & Construction Supply: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.0x SDE.
Food & Beverage Distribution: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE.
Hospitality & Travel
12 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Hotels: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.6x - 5.1x EBITDA.
Motels: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.1x - 2.5x SDE.
Campgrounds & RV Parks: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Health & Fitness
10 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Wellness & Recovery Centers: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 5.5x - 9.7x EBITDA.
Gyms & Health Clubs: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.44x - 2.93x SDE.
Yoga Studios: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.07x - 2.50x SDE.
Pilates Studios: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.10x - 3.00x SDE.
Personal Training Studios: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.00x - 2.80x SDE.
Education & Childcare
9 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Daycare Centers: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.39x - 3.35x SDE.
Beauty & Personal Care
8 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Day Spas: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.8x - 2.8x SDE.
Nail Salons: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.4x - 1.88x SDE.
Tattoo Shops: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.5x SDE.
Massage Parlors: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.5x SDE.
Energy & Utilities
7 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Propane & Fuel Distribution: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA + Assets.
Waste Management & Recycling: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA + Assets.
Pet Services
6 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Pet Grooming & Spas: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE.
Boarding, Daycare & Training: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x EBITDA.
Entertainment & Recreation
4 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Golf Courses: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 8.0x - 11.0x EBITDA.
We sell businesses in every one of these industries in Greene County. Counts are employer businesses in the closest Census industry codes. Industries without a clean Census match are listed without a count, and a few industries share one Census category, so their counts match. A sale multiple is the price a business typically sells for as a multiple of its earnings. SDE means seller's discretionary earnings, which is the owner's pay plus the profit of the business. EBITDA means earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.
Restaurants & Food
132 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Quick-Service & Fast Food: 58 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE.
Full-Service Restaurants: 44 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.5x SDE.
Grocery Stores & Markets: 15 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE + Inventory.
Coffee Shops: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE.
Liquor, Wine & Beer Stores: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE + Inventory.
Construction & Engineering
116 related employer businesses in Greene County.
General Contracting: 27 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x SDE.
Foundation & Site Prep: 21 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x EBITDA + Fleet.
Interior Finishing: 16 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x SDE.
Landscaping: 15 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 5.0x SDE.
Plumbing: 15 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.0x SDE.
HVAC Services: 15 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.6x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Civil Engineering: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 7.0x - 11.0x EBITDA.
Carpentry & Framing: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x SDE.
Electrical: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 8.0x EBITDA.
Masonry: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x EBITDA + Equipment.
Medical Practices
84 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Primary & Family Care: 33 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.2x - 3.2x SDE.
Dental Practices: 11 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.5x EBITDA.
Veterinary Medicine: 10 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 6.0x - 9.0x EBITDA.
Home Health & Hospice: 8 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Mental & Behavioral Health: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x SDE.
Physical Therapy & Rehab: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.0x EBITDA.
Vision & Eye Care: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE.
Medical Labs & Imaging: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.5x - 6.5x EBITDA.
Retail Stores
66 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Health, Beauty & Pharmacy: 22 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.8x - 4.2x EBITDA.
Hardware, Garden & Building: 19 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.8x SDE + Inventory.
Fashion, Apparel & Jewelry: 16 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.5x SDE + Inventory.
Home Decor & Furniture: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.2x - 3.2x SDE + Inventory.
Electronics & Repair: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE.
Financial & Professional Services
61 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Insurance Agencies: 20 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 6.0x - 8.0x EBITDA.
Accounting & Tax Practices: 17 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.5x SDE.
Real Estate Brokerages: 11 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.5x SDE.
Private Lending: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 5.0x SDE.
Wealth Management: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.7x - 4.0x Recurring Revenue.
Gas Stations & Convenience
52 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Gas Stations: 52 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x EBITDA + Real Estate.
Automotive & Boat
48 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Auto Repair: 14 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.2x SDE.
Auto Parts: 10 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.2x SDE + Inventory.
Car Dealerships: 8 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2x - 8x Blue Sky + Assets.
Car Washes: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.5x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Collision Repair: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.0x EBITDA.
Towing & Repo: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.0x EBITDA + Fleet.
Manufacturing
48 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Metal Fabrication: 17 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.2x - 4.2x SDE.
Printing & Plastics: 10 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.9x - 4.9x SDE.
Wood & Furniture Manufacturing: 8 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.8x SDE.
Food & Beverage Manufacturing: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.1x - 4.5x SDE.
Construction Materials Manufacturing: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 5.0x EBITDA.
Electronics & Tech Manufacturing: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.5x EBITDA.
Logistics & Transportation
37 related employer businesses in Greene County.
General Freight Trucking: 29 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.44x - 3.45x SDE.
Warehousing & Fulfillment: 8 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x SDE.
Pharmacies & Medical Supply
26 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Compounding Pharmacies: 15 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.5x - 5.5x EBITDA.
Specialty Pharmacies: 15 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 6.5x EBITDA.
Home Infusion: 8 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 6.5x EBITDA.
Medical Supply Retail: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 4.0x SDE + Inventory.
Home Services
19 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Property Management: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x SDE.
Pest Control: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.34x - 2.90x SDE.
Residential Cleaning: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.6x SDE.
Commercial Cleaning: 5 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.47x - 4.11x EBITDA.
Wholesale & Distribution
13 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Industrial & Construction Supply: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.0x SDE.
Food & Beverage Distribution: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.5x - 3.5x SDE.
Hospitality & Travel
12 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Hotels: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.6x - 5.1x EBITDA.
Motels: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.1x - 2.5x SDE.
Campgrounds & RV Parks: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA.
Health & Fitness
10 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Wellness & Recovery Centers: 7 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 5.5x - 9.7x EBITDA.
Gyms & Health Clubs: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.44x - 2.93x SDE.
Yoga Studios: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.07x - 2.50x SDE.
Pilates Studios: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.10x - 3.00x SDE.
Personal Training Studios: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.00x - 2.80x SDE.
Education & Childcare
9 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Daycare Centers: 9 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.39x - 3.35x SDE.
Beauty & Personal Care
8 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Day Spas: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.8x - 2.8x SDE.
Nail Salons: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.4x - 1.88x SDE.
Tattoo Shops: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.5x SDE.
Massage Parlors: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 1.5x - 2.5x SDE.
Energy & Utilities
7 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Propane & Fuel Distribution: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA + Assets.
Waste Management & Recycling: 3 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 4.0x - 7.0x EBITDA + Assets.
Pet Services
6 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Pet Grooming & Spas: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 2.0x - 3.0x SDE.
Boarding, Daycare & Training: 6 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 3.0x - 4.5x EBITDA.
Entertainment & Recreation
4 related employer businesses in Greene County.
Golf Courses: 4 employer businesses here. Typical sale multiple: 8.0x - 11.0x EBITDA.
Working with owners in Greene County
Business Advisors of America works with owners who are selling a business in Greene County. Contact us to talk about a sale.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Questions owners in Greene County ask
How long does it take to sell a business in Greene County?
The time depends on the price, the quality of the records and the number of qualified buyers. Many sales take six months or longer from the start of the process to closing.
How is a business valued in Greene County?
Valuation starts with the earnings the business produces for an owner, then adjusts for assets, size, industry and the terms a buyer is likely to accept. The result is a range, and the asking price is set inside it.
Is the sale confidential?
Buyers are asked to sign a non-disclosure agreement before they see the name of the business or its financial statements.
FROM OUR BLOG
Guides for owners in Greene County

October 3, 2025
Business Owners
Add-Backs: What Counts, What Does Not, and What Buyers Push Back On
Every add-back you can prove raises your sale price by two to three times its amount. Every add-back you cannot prove costs you credibility on all the others.
Read article

October 3, 2025
Business Owners
Add-Backs: What Counts, What Does Not, and What Buyers Push Back On
Every add-back you can prove raises your sale price by two to three times its amount. Every add-back you cannot prove costs you credibility on all the others.
Read article

March 5, 2026
Business Owners
Buyer Qualification: How We Screen Out the Buyers Who Cannot Close
Most inquiries on a business listing come from people who cannot close. Here is how they get screened out before they see your name or your financials.
Read article

March 5, 2026
Business Owners
Buyer Qualification: How We Screen Out the Buyers Who Cannot Close
Most inquiries on a business listing come from people who cannot close. Here is how they get screened out before they see your name or your financials.
Read article

February 9, 2026
Business Owners
The Confidential Information Memorandum: What Goes In It and Why
The CIM is the document a buyer reads before they decide to spend time on your business. Here is what it has to contain and the mistakes that cost sellers offers.
Read article

February 9, 2026
Business Owners
The Confidential Information Memorandum: What Goes In It and Why
The CIM is the document a buyer reads before they decide to spend time on your business. Here is what it has to contain and the mistakes that cost sellers offers.
Read article